Chloroscombrus chrysurus
Diagnosis
Diagnosis_Genus: Chloroscombrus Girard. Elongated and narrow patches of velvet-like teeth on the jaws, vomer and palatine bones. Tongue smooth. Mouth rather small and slightly protractile; its gape being oblique and the tip of the lower jaw projecting in front of the upper. Body rather short and deep, scaly; lateral line unarmed, that is not shielded. Pectoral fins falciform. Two small spines in advance of the anla fin; ventrals very small. A small, horizontal spine directed forwards, in advance of the first dorsal. To this genus belongs Seriola cosmopolita Cuv., Val., to which the following one is closely related.
Diagnosis_Species: Scomber chrysurus Linnaeus. S. pinnulis unitis luteis, D. 9, 26. P. I9. V. 6. A. 2/30. C. 22. ore edentulo. D. 8, 29. P. I6. V. 5. A. 2/30. C. 22. Habitat in Carolina. D. Garden. Yellowtaill. Spinae ante analem spatio remotae.
Body_adults_length: 13 cm
Body_maximum_length: 27 cm
Body_length_male_maturity: 9.8 cm (Guinea-Bissau/ Bijagos)
Body_length_female_maturity: 11 cm(Guinea-Bissau/ Bijagos), 10 cm (Guinea-Bissau/ Rio Grande de Buba), 14.9 cm (Senegal/ Sine-Saloum Estuary)
Body_length_unsexed_maturity: 11.5 cm (Brazil/ Southern and southeastern regions), 15.4 cm (Brazil/ southeastern coast)
Max_weight: 280-300 g
Etymology
Chloroscombrus: Greek, chloros = green + Greek, skombros = the name of several fishes, a mackere.
Type species
The type species of the genus Chloroscombrus is Micropteryx cosmopolita (Agassiz 1829) (Animalbase).
Type illustration / Type locality / Type specimen
Type Locality: Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.].
Ecology
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to Florida, USA and Bermuda to Uruguay; throughout Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico; Bahamas, Antilles, along Central and South American coasts to Uruguay. Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola. Replaced by Chloroscombrus orqueta in eastern Pacific. These two species have not been adequately studied and may prove to be conspecific.
Substrate: water
Salinity: marine
Temperature: 21-27°C
Migratory: Yes. oceanodromous
Causality_of_migration: sexual reproduction
Temporality_of_migration: seasonal (during winter) (da Costa et al. 2005)
Life cycle
Adults are found over soft bottoms of the continental shelf; sometimes forming schools near the surface. Marine pelagic species very common in coastal lagoons and estuaries. They feed on fish, cephalopods, zooplankton and detritus. Juveniles common in brackish estuaries and often associated with jellyfish. Marketed fresh and salted.
Generation_time: 1 to 3 years
Fertility_ period: Seasonal (During autumn) (September-October, Brazil, Ceará)
Spawning_method: Fertilization in the water column
Feeding behaviour
Mode of locomotion
Original description
Reference(s)
Attached phylogeny
Observation site(s)
SYMBIONTS
Association with... | Region origin | Name of site | In reference... |
---|---|---|---|
Amyloodinium ocellatum | Gulf Coast Research Laboratory |
Studies on Amyloodinium ocellatum (Dinoflagellata) in Mississippi Sound: Natural and Experimental Hosts. Gulf Research Reports 6:403-413. (1980) |